Aggregate Planning

Aggregate Planning Aggregate planning is a very critical tool for both manufacturing and services companies. It is concerned with determining the quantity and timing of production in order to meet forecasted demand at the lowest cost possible and by maintaining the quality of the product at the same time. Aggregate planning is the functional role of operational managers. It involves making scheduling decisions that address issues of matching production to meet changes in demand (Heizer and Render, p. 512).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Aggregate Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aggregate planning entails controlling of inventories, production rates, number of workers, production capacity, and other production variables. The elements are achieved through various strategy options that classified as either capacity options or demand options (Heizer and Render, p. 514). There are various capacity option strategies that ope ration managers in manufacturing and some services firms can utilize in aggregate planning to meet demand forecasts in future. Changing inventory level strategy is a capacity option where the manager makes adjustments in the level of inventory in order to meet future demand. Some operations managers can match firm production rate requirements. The other strategy is varying of production rates through overtime or idle time. Firms operations department may also use subcontracting strategy option so as to acquire short term capacity requirements during peak demand periods (Heizer and Render, p. 515). The last capacity strategy that can be utilized by operations managers is the use of part-time workers. Influencing demand is a demand strategy that firms try to increase demand for their product through advertising, personal selling, discounts, and promotions. Companies can also use â€Å"back ordering† during high demand periods (Heizer and Render, p. 516) as aggregate planning s trategy. Finally, firms can also use counter-seasonal product and service mixing as one of the demand option (Heizer and Render, p. 517). Operations managers utilize a number of aggregate planning techniques. The most popular technique is the graphical approach that is easy to understand it contains few variables. The other methods are mathematical approaches that tend to give optimal plans in minimizing cost and revenues (Heizer and Render, p. 524). Question Total weakly demand Sum of all warehouse demand = (9,000 + 13,000 + 11,000 + 15,000 + 8,000) Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More = 56,000 units Plant capacity per week Plant 1 = (27,000 + 7,000) = 34,000 units Plant 2 = (20,000 + 5,000) = 25, 000 units Plant 3 = 25,000 + 6,000 = 31,000 unitsAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Aggregate Planning specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More Production cost of each plant in operation and out of operation Plant 1 in operation= variable costs per unit + operating cost = [(2.80 x 27,000) + (3.52 x 7,000)] + 14,000 = 100,240 +14,000 = $114, 240 Plant 2 in operation = [(2.78 x 20,000) + (3.48 x 5,000) + 5000 = 73,000 + 5000Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More = $78,000 Plant 3 in operation = [(2.72 x 25,000) + (3.42 x 6,000)] + 7500 = 88,520 + 7500 = $96,020 Distribution costs Plant 1 average distribution cost = (.50 + .44 + .49 + .46 + .56) x 34,000 = 2.45 x 34,000 = $83,300 Plant 2 = (.40 + .52 + .50 + .56 + .57) x 25,000 =2. 55 x 25,000 = $63,000 Plant 3 = (.56 + .53 + .51 + .54 + .35) x 31,000 = 2.45 x 31,000 = $75,950 Configuration combinations = Plant 1 costs + Plant 2 cost = (operation cost + Distribution cost) = (114,240 + 83,300) + (78,000 + 63,000) = 197,540 + 141,000 = $338540 Plant 1 costs + Plant 3 cost = 197,540 + (96,020 + 75,950) = 197,540 + 171,970 = $369,510 Plant 2 costs + Plant 3 cost = 141,000 + 171,970 = 312,000 The configuration of plant 2 and 3 minimizes total cost of production and distribution. This configuration as meets the exact weekly demand of 56,000 units. Plant 1 should be closed down since it the production costs and distribution costs are the highest. This implies that the company is going to save a to tal sum of $ (197,540 – 6,000) = $191,000 at the same time meeting the forecasted weekly demand of 56,000 units. Work Cited Heizer, Jay H, and B. Render. Principles of Operations Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.

the things i carry Essay

the things i carry Essay the things i carry Essay Throughout the course of my life I have held on to personal memories as well as objects that hold emotional value. The Things I Carry are more than one can guess by just looking at me. At times in life, in all our lives, it seems that we carry things we would never imagine would weigh so much on us. I carry more than just my school supplies when I walk into the school every morning. I carry many thoughts about my past, present, and my future. I carry my conscience every second of the day. I carry 17 years of memories and experiences. I carry my backpack into school every day that I’ve had since fourth grade. Within the backpack I carry a dozen pen and pencils, scissors, glue, calculator, a five subject notebook, and a folder. I carry my English, trigonometry, and problems of democracy books. I carry my cell phone and wallet in my pockets. I carry my brownbag lunch that I make every night because I refuse to eat gross school lunch. I carry my basketball shoes to practice that I ’ve had for four years and have no grip left I carry more than just my school supplies when I walk into school. I carry all my drive to do well in school. I carry the dream of going off to college or elsewhere, and being successful in whatever I choose to do. I carry the determination to get good grades because I know I have it in me. With the good grades I also carry the laziness by ignoring my schoolwork. I carry a mindset that says B’s and C’s are acceptable, I can just skip a few assignments

Secondary Education and History of Schools Essay

Secondary Education and History of Schools - Essay Example II. History of schools and past educational trends A. Education considered a luxury in the past B. Schools differentiated on basis of curriculum and religious orientation C. Establishment of classroom rules under progressivism D. Educational trends changes since 1600 E. Uneducated teachers in 17th century F. Minister’s training school during ‘Great Awakening’ G. Boston Latin Grammar School in 1635 H. English academies teaching children of middle class I. Conflict between Greek and English academies J. Importance given to specific subjects: Arithmetic and Languages K. Introduction of Secondary school and Boston School in 1821 III. Progressivism and development of secondary schools A. Division of secondary education into middle and high school B. Professional education with English, Mathematics, social Studies and Foreign language as subjects C. Inspired by educational system specified under Pedagogical Progressivism D. Development of learning skill through inclusio n of various subjects E. Current American secondary educational trend influenced by progressivism IV. Existing philosophies in Education A. Educational structure inspired by philosophy of ‘foundation of educational theories’ B. Aristotle: Performing geometry and justice for happiness C. Influential on current educational trend of having practical applications for Geometry D. Philosophy of normative education related to current educational trend V. Brown vs. Board of Education A. Case of racial discrimination on education in 1954 B. Negroes and White American students differentiated in schools C. Violation of fourteenth Amendment Law D. Reforms in educational laws and trend after the case E. Prohibition of racism and equal opportunities F. Development of integrated public secondary education system VI. Conclusion A. Study of relevant subjects in America for successful career B. Inspired by progressivism and past educational trends C. Existing education philosophies and h istory influences current secondary education system D. Influential on academic current academic curriculum E. Integrated public education system an outcome of Dan Brown case of 1954 VII. References Introduction Education is a term broadly used to describe the phenomenon of acquiring knowledge. Educational theories such as progressivism concerned with the process of learning by doing have regained importance with introduction of humanistic education. They have lost popularity with emergence of WWI (Reed, 2011). With globalization new technologies have been adopted and this has led to a change in educational trends. Compulsory education for the children was not a phenomenon of the past. There has been an expansion of basic schooling as well as pre-school education. This has been mainly due to more investments and building and development of overall infrastructure (Torres, 2008). US were the first country to start secondary education among the masses. Before that there was experimenta tion with variety of educational systems. This secondary education is in fact something beyond elementary education which gave importance to reading, writing as well as social goals of life (Mintz, n.d). This was opening up of secondary education along with its academic curriculum of various useful subjects has its affiliations to educational theories such as progressivism which put forward the purpose of schooling as cooperation (Reed, 2011).Thus opening up of se