Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example Leonardo had structured a helicopter, a tank, just as a mini-computer. He had regularly made significant revelations on hydrodynamics, structural designing, just as optics. During his lifetime, he was likewise very much presumed for his aptitudes in building. The scaffold was later made to traverse a gulf at the mouth of Bosporous, which is otherwise called the Golden Horn. Beyazid didn't favor the task since he accepted that such an extension would not work out. Leonardo was frequently called as the â€Å"renaissance man† since he was extra customarily capable in various streams. He was a flexible virtuoso in each sense. Leonardo was occupied with the development of extensions for a large portion of his life time. His spinning spans had the option to ship armed forces over water bodies. The extensions he structured, and got built for the armed forces, had made it simpler for the militaries to cross a serious immense quantities of streams. Leonardo’s sculpture was raise d in 2001, when a little scaffold was built in Norway. The Turkish Government on 17 May chose to build Leonardo’s connect (which he planned prior) to traverse the Golden Horn. The scaffold turns into a reality 500 years after its planning. It was Vebjorn Sand, a craftsman in Norway, who stepped up to the plate and build it. He saw the sketch and the smaller than expected type of the extension at a display of Da Vinci’s building and building plans. ... â€Å"The Mona Lisa of bridges† as what individuals call it today was portrayed by Da Vinci 500 years prior, however many idea the execution of such a plan would be unthinkable. Vebjorn Sand’s adaptation of it is this way. â€Å"This is the first run through any of Leonardo's building and structural building plans has been fabricated. There have been models, however this is the first in full size, (Da Vinci Comes to Life 500 Years on, 2001). Sand was the perfect individual to take up the task of the Golden Horn connect since he was a celebrated painter as well as the person who was acclaimed for his colossal open workmanship establishments. Presently Golden Horn has become the well known water route in Istanbul and it isolates England from Asia. It is very mind blowing that the scaffold was planned in 1502, and that it took 500 years for somebody to change over it into a reality. Vebjorn Sand merits honors for it. Sand was absolutely impacted by the conventions of Rena issance and Baroque, and accepted that â€Å"we shouldn’t live previously, however the past should live in us† (Sahlins, 2007). For the following barely any years, Sand invested the majority of his energy and exertion in changing the fantasy structure into a reality. In 2001, the undertaking was finished. The first form of the plan was 240 meter or 720 feet stone structure, which was expected to traverse Golden Horn as a bay among Istanbul and Pera. This task couldn't accomplish its structure during Da Vinci’s period since the innovation of the period was not unreasonably productive. Leonardo connect was a rich undertaking with 100 meters or around 300 feet length. Also it is noteworthy in its flawlessness of squeezed bow development. As per Da Vinci’s unique arrangement, Sand is making a

The Rebels of Dharma Bums, Takin it to the Streets and New American Po

Revolutionaries of Dharma Bums, Takin' it to the Streets and New American Poetry   â â You needn't bother with a goal to flee. You should simply know what you are deserting. In the 1960's, youngsters and ladies in the United States, particularly on the west coast, made a frantic race away from just about two centuries of American custom. They raced to such a significant number of better places that it is difficult to make speculations regarding their points and methods of reasoning. What they shared for all intents and purpose was simply the running.  America was suffocating in realism. In A Coney Island of the Mind, Lawrence Ferlinghetti described the place that is known for the free and the home of the bold as a solid landmass dispersed with insipid boards showing moron figments of joy (New American Poetry, ed. Allen, p131).  John Sinclair condemned a nation that required Eighty-seven distinct brands of toothpaste and A huge number of junky cars (Takin' it to the Streets, ed. Sprout, p303). After the oddity of vehicles and different items wore off, a few Americans started to feel that the accentuation on creation was changing the character of the nation. Monetary flourishing had gone to America's head, and in the scramble revenue driven vision had been abandoned. Kafka is cited by Richard Brautigan in his novel Trout Fishing in America as having said that I like the Americans since they are sound and idealistic. (Takin' it to the Streets, p280) The new age of Americans, in any case, was not even close to hopeful about the fate of their nation. They saw the place where there is the free and the home of the valiant deteriorating into a creation line of TVs and plastic thingamabobs.  The loss of independence was what many dreaded. In ... ...promotion all the energy and all the resistance. They were the ones who, as indicated by Ginsberg, yelled on their knees in the metro and were hauled off the rooftop waving private parts and original copies (p185). In any case, every one of their original copies expressed various things. Standard America had 200 years of custom behind them, and notwithstanding that they had power of propensity and an innovator as the United States government. The new age had just their conviction that a change must happen. However, their energy and their showiness caused individuals to tune in up.  Works Cited Allen, Donald, ed. The New American Poetry. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999. Sprout, Alexander and Breines, Wini. Takin' it to the Streets. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1986.

WordPress Review 2020 The Best Choice for Building Websites

WordPress Review 2020 The Best Choice for Building Websites .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on February 28, 2020WordPress is the most popular content management system out there. More than 15 million sites use WordPress. Most statistics put their share of the CMS market somewhere between 50-60 percent. This is well beyond their closest competitors, Drupal and Joomla. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert You might also like: Best WordPress hosting Today, were going to do a review of WordPress and cover some of its pertinent features. Please note that were talking specifically about doing a self-hosted site with WordPress.org. No WordPress blog reviews this time, but maybe later.With any luck, youll be able to draw a conclusion on whether or not it will work best for what you have in mind.Table of Contents Is WordPress any good?Our WordPre ss reviewWordPress is easy to useWordPress has lots of theme optionsWordPress has great plugins and supportWordPress has a great communityLack of control limited flexibilityIts easy to create a bad site that runs slowlyOur WordPress review summaryIs WordPress any good?First things first. WordPress is as popular as it is for a reason. The ease of use, themes, and plentiful add-ons go a long way. Thats likely why our WordPress website reviews rank it so highly.For beginners especially, this is the CMS to use. I give it a 4.5/5, easily. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Heres a video that simply explains what WordPress actually is: Our WordPress reviewWordPress has four major positives and a whole bu nch of ancillary benefits that justify its top spot. There are some drawbacks, but as I mentioned, if youre a beginner, this is going to be the platform for you.WordPress is easy to useThis is probably the most important factor. When it comes to setting up a site, youll find no option easier than WordPress. You dont need to know HTML; you dont need to know PHP. Just templates and drag-n-drop friendliness abound.Theres a brief learning curve, and then youre on to creating your site. Thats a quick process, by the way. Using WordPress templates is no great investment of time. Even integrating WordPress with your web host of choice is a breeze in most cases.WordPress has lots of theme optionsNo matter the look youre going for you can find it with WordPress. There are quite literally thousands of themes from which to choose. The top WordPress themes are obviously the paid options as they are somewhat more advanced than the free theme options. Theyre all, however, clean and get the job do ne.Popular standard options like “Twenty Nineteen” and “Astra” have hundreds of thousands of downloads. They are more than enough for most newbies starting a WordPress site.If you want to fork out a little cash for something special, however, there are tones of great themes out there but Astra Pro is considered the fastest and best right now.WordPress has great plugins and supportOn the featured page alone youll find some great  plugins for WordPress blogs like Akismet. It can check your comments to identify which ones are spam. Then theres the ever-popular SEOPress. It helps you optimize your content for that coveted boost in search engine rankings.WordPress has a great communityWith so many people using WordPress, all the tips and tricks are part of the collective knowledge base. The community is more than happy to share these secrets with newcomers, as a trip to the WordPress support forum will confirm.Whether you have questions about themes, plugins, or just general how- to stuff, they have you covered. There are also WordPress official customer service channels. Its not difficult to find a solution to whatever problem you may encounter.WordPress is not without its downsides howeverLack of control t be complete without addressing such a significant drawback.A site built with this simple CMS doesnt have the range of advanced customization abilities that a more complex CMS would.For someone not well versed in web building, thats fine. It constricts the number of ways in which you can mess up.For someone looking to do more with their site, however, its not ideal. You might want to consider Joomla or Drupal for your CMS needs if that is the case.It's easy to create a bad site that runs slowlyYou have to select your plugins judiciously. If you go overboard with the add-ons, the result is a cumbersome site that offers a poor user experience.Its easy for someone to get overzealous and tank their site through ignorance, something that most WordPress reviews will highlight.Our WordPress review summaryWhile the last couple of points may have you a little worried, you are now aware of these points and can quite easily avoid them if you want to get going.Its also one of the cheapest (as well as best) paid options to start a site as the only costs youll have to spring for are the domain and hosting, so try it out and see if its the option youve been seeking.If you need further help with it all, sign up for my blogging course which is free (see the button at the top of this page), and Ill help guide you through the process.Our WordPress review final ratingAll-in-all, WordPress is going to be a go-to platform if youre building your first site. Even those with some experience with web design might opt for WordPress just for simplicity.No matter which category you fall into, our WordPress reviews opinion is that theres ample reason to give the platform a shot. Its pretty much free, after all.I give it an easy 4.5 out of 5 stars.Editor's rating 4.5/5 WordPress alternatives WordPress.org vs WordPress.com

Errors Of The Electoral College - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2399 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? Supposedly in a democracy everyones vote should count equipollently, but the method that the U.S. uses to elect its president, the Electoral College, infringed this principle by ascertaining that some peoples votes are greaters than others. The Election of these two officers, the president and vice president, is determined by a group of electors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Errors Of The Electoral College" essay for you Create order This was established in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution. The Electoral College represented a compromise among the progenitors of the U.S. about one of the most plaging questions they faced: how to elect the commander in chief . The Constitutional Convention considered more than 15 different including plans for election by Congress or one of its houses, by sundry state officials, by electors, or by direct popular vote. The Electoral College has a rich and complex history, but has time progress on, lots of problems starts to arise because its an outdated system that was used to accommodate the people 1700s. Now in the twenty first century, its time for change and to realize the errors the Electoral College. History The Electoral College was engendered for two reasons. The first purpose was to engender a buffer between population and the selection of a President. The second as a component of the structure of the regime that gave extra power to the more minuscule states.The first reason that the progenitors engendered the Electoral College is hard to understand in today culture. The founding fathers were apprehension of direct election to the Presidency. They feared a tyrant could manipulate public opinion and come to puissance. Hamilton indicted in the Federalist Papers: It was equally desirable, that the immediate election should be made by men most capable of analyzing the qualities adapted to the station, and acting under circumstances favorable to deliberation, and to a judicious combination of all the reasons and inducements which were proper to govern their choice. The second reason was for the electoral college to additionally be part of compromises made at the convention to slake the diminutive states. Under the system of the Electoral College each state had the same number of electoral votes as they have representative in Congress, thus no state could have less than 3. According to the History, Art, Archives Of The United States House Of Representatives (H.A.A.U.S.H.R.) The result of this system is that in this election the state of Wyoming cast about 210,000 votes, and thus each elector represented 70,000 votes, while in California approximately 9,700,000 votes were cast for 54 votes, thus representing 179,000 votes per electorate. Conspicuously this engenders an inequitable advantage to voters in the minuscule states whose votes genuinely count more than those people living in medium and astronomically immense states. The Electoral College was engendered by the framers of the U.S. Constitution as a compromise for the presidential election process. At the time, some politicians believed a pristinely popular election was too temerarious and would give an exorbitant amount of voting power to highly populated areas in which people were acclimated with a presidential candidate. Others remonstrated to the possibility of letting Congress select the president, as some suggested. The Constitution gave each state a number of electors equal to the amalgamated total of its membership in the Senate (two to each state, the senatorial electors) and its delegation in the House of Representatives (currently ranging from one to 52 Members). The electors are culled by the states in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct (U.S. Constitution, Article II, section 1). One aspect of the electoral system that is not mandated in the constitution is the fact that the triumpher takes all the votes in the state. There it makes no difference if you win a state by 50.1% or by 80% of the vote you receive the same number of electoral votes. This can be a recipe for one individual to win some states by immensely colossal pluralities and lose others by diminutive number of votes, and thus this is a facile scenario for one candidate winning the popular vote while another winning the electoral vote. This triumpher take all methods utilized in picking electors has been decided by the states themselves. This trend took place over the course of the 19th century. The Elector The elector plays the most important in the election of the president. The Constitutionrs Article II, Section 1 spells out the rudimental Electoral College rules. A majority of electors is needed to elect a President; members of Congress or people holding a United States office cant be electors; electors cant pick two presidential candidates from their own state, and Congress determines when the electors meet within their states (or in the federal district). The total number of Electoral College members equals the number of people in Congress and three supplemental electors from the District of Columbia. The list of the electors, or the slate of electors, within a state customarily doesnt appear on the election ballot. States have different rules for when official slates are submitted to election officials. Each political party decides how to submit its slate of electors, at the request of its presidential candidate. The state decides when that slate needs to be submitted. While they may be well-kenned persons in their states, electors generally receive little apperception as such. In most states, the denominations of individual elector-candidates do not appear anywhere on the ballot; instead only those of the presidential and vice presidential candidates of the parties or other groups that nominated the elector-candidates appear. In some states, the presidential and vice-presidential nominees denominations are preceded on the ballot by the words electors for. The customary anonymity of presidential electors is such that electoral votes are commonly referred to as having been awarded to the winning candidates, as if no human beings were involved in the process. There is a serious problem, that there is no Constitutional provision or Federal law that requires Electors to vote according to the results of the popular vote in their states .Some states, however, require Electors to cast their votes according to the popular vote. These pledges fall into two categories; Electors bound by state law and those bound by pledges to political parties. Notwithstanding the tradition that electors are bound to vote for the candidates of the party that nominated them, individual electors have sometimes broken their commitment, voting for a different candidate or for candidates other than those to whom they were pledged; they are kenned as faithless or unfaithful electors. This phenomenon, generally referred to as faithless or unfaithful electors, also derives directly from the Constitution, which in the Twelfth Amendment, instructs electors to vote by ballot for President and Vice President. While tradition that electors reflect the popular vote exerts a st rong influence, there is no constitutional requirement that they vote for the candidates to whom they are pledged. Although 24 states seek to preclude perfidious electors by a variety of methods, including pledges and the threat of fines or malefactor action, most constitutional philomaths, like Cass Sunstein and Michael McConnell, believe that once electors have been chosen, they remain constitutionally free agents, able to vote for any candidate who meets the requirements for President and Vice President. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the Constitution does not require that Electors be consummately free to act as they optate and consequently, political parties may extract pledges from electors to vote for the parties nominees. Some state laws provide that s-called faithless Electors may be subject to fines or may be disqualified for casting an invalid vote and be superseded by a supersession elector. According to the National Archives and Record Administration, twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia now have laws that bind electors to the candidate that wins their state. For example, in Utah an elector is considered to have resigned and their vote not recorded if they vote for a candidate not nominated by the same political party of which the elector is a member. Some states merely require electors sign a pledge that they will cast their vote for the candidate that wins their state, but some states go further and impose civil or criminal penalties. In New Mexico, a Fait hless Elector is subject to a fourth degree felony charge. But there are also strong arguments that binding electors to vote in a certain way is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court has not categorically ruled on the question of whether pledges and penalties for failure to vote as pledged may be enforced under the Constitution. No Elector has ever been prosecuted for failing to vote as pledged. The Case Against The Electoral College There is hardly anything in the Constitution harder to explain, or easier to misunderstand, than the Electoral College. The Electoral Collegers proponents argue that it keeps small states in the conversation and ensures a president has cross-regional support. These are certainly desirable goals, but do they withstand close examination? While there is some merit to the claim that the Electoral College requires presidential candidates to have cross-regional support, the reality is less black and white. Itrs true that under the Electoral College, a presidential candidate cannot win with the support of just the Northeast or the South. But mathematically, neither can they win under a system based solely on the popular vote. Some also argue that the Electoral College allows small states like New Hampshire to gain critical importance in the electoral process, but this ignores the fact that under the current system, the other 12 smallest states are entirely ignored. Some argue that the Elect oral College should be dumped as a useless relic of 18th-century white-gentry privilege. A month after the 2016 election, and on the day the members of the Electoral College met to cast their official votes, the New York Times editorial board published a scathing attack of this sort, calling the Electoral College an antiquated mechanism that overwhelming majorities of Americans would prefer to eliminate in favor of a direct, national popular vote. The often forgotten territories, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands, get no votes from the Electoral College. This is because they arent states and they dont have a special constitutional amendment to recognize them. Which is a bit odd considering theyre part of the United States and everyone who lives there as a citizen. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services states: Puerto Rico is also a commonwealth of the United States, meaning the territory has a political union with the United States. Individuals born in Puerto Rico are considered citizens of the United States. The sans would apply to other island expect the American Sonomas. For most practical purpose, theyre just like D.C. There are about 4.4 million people who lives in the territories according to the World Population Review. That might not sound like a lot ,but its more than the populations of Wyoming, Vermont, North Dakota, South Dakota, Alaska and Delaware combined. Yet, still no vot es from the electoral college. The whole situation with territories is extra strange when you consider the final group of Americans who dont live in the states. Americans who live abroad in a foreign country, can usually send a postal vote to the last state that you reside it in, but if you move within the United States to one of those territories; you lose your right to vote for president as long as you live there. The Electoral College system is undemocratic in a second respect it weights the votes of some Americans more than those of others. Since each state, regardless of population, has at least three electoral votes (two for its Senate seats and at least one for each representative), the smallest states have a higher ratio for electors to population than do larger states according to the National Archives and Records Administration. As the composition of the electoral college is partially based on state representation in Congress, some maintain it is inconsistent with the one person, one vote principle. The Constitutional Convention agreed on a compromise plan whereby less populous states were assured of a minimum of three electoral votes, based on two Senators and one Representative, regardless of state population. Since electoral college delegations are equal to the combined total of each staters Senate and House delegation, its composition is arguably weighted in favor of the small, or less populous, states. The two senatorial or at large electors to which each state is entitled are said to confer on them an advantage over more populous states, because voters in the less populous ones cast more electoral votes per voter. Critics also express concern about the lack of accountability of electors. Most electors are relatively anonymous individuals, not the eminent persons the founders envisioned. Although chosen by state parties to support particular candidates, on occasions they have not done so, thereby creating concern about the irresponsible elector .It might seem counterintuitive that rational voters can create such bad incentives. But consider, as an example, an incumbent who must decide whether to prioritize policy aimed at boosting the economy in the short run, or policy aimed at a long-run problem like global warming. Assume that work on global warming has greater impact on the voters welfare. If the performance of the economy is more informative about the incumbentrs competence or about her ideology, voters will nonetheless respond more to the economy. After all, voters can only affect what happens in the future, so rationality demands that the voter select the best candidate going forward Conclusion Throughout modern politics, we have seen presidential candidates fail to grasp the electoral votes, despite having the popular vote. Most recently, we have seen this with Hillary Clinton during the 2016 presidential election cycle against Donald Trump, but as many know, this is not the only time that the most popular candidate did not receive the nomination. The Electoral College is failing us. If you have a voting system that allows losers to win, you shouldnt be surprised when they do. Not once, not twice but four times the most votes from the people actually lost because of the Electoral College. Would you tolerate a sport where by quirk of the rules, there was a 7% chance of the loser winning? Highly unlikely. Given how much more important electing the president of the U.S. is, that is rather a dangerously high percentage of the time to get it wrong.

Economics Essay Minimum Wage - 1903 Words

Economics Essay: Minimum Wage Mark Mulhern It is most advantageous for the United States’ to not raise the minimum wage from $7.25 per hour to $15 per hour. Multiple studies have shown that increasing the minimum wage is inefficient at raising the poverty level. Also, a trade off of having higher paid, stable jobs as a result of raising the minimum wage is less jobs available, or unemployment. Most people expect it to raise the wages of poverty-stricken families. However, the income distribution effects of changing the minimum wage crucially relies on who is earning the minimum wage (Leigh 432). If there is a relatively large number of teenagers earning the minimum from middle-upper class families, then a rise in minimum wage will have less influence on the poor (Leigh 432). To solve this problem, the United States should work on expanding earned income tax credit, a government issued subsidy that goes to millions of low-income workers that is proven to increase employment and reduce poverty. With this, the United Sta tes can efficiently shrink the income gap of Americans and raise the standard of living of poor families. The minimum wage is the least amount an employer must pay his/her employee for working. (Mankiw). Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, ensuring that workers have an adequate standard of living by adding a minimum wage (Mankiw). Today, the national minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. Looking at changes in poverty, 15% of Americans were livingShow MoreRelatedTodays Social And Economic Inequality Is A Matter People1343 Words   |  6 PagesTodays social and economic inequality is a matter people are faced with in their daily lives. 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The last time the federal minimum wage was raised wasRead MorePersuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage964 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage 1 Intro - I want you to think about your very first job .Were you a Bellhop ,cashier ,bartender ,cooks(fast food ),lifeguard, .Now how about your second job were you a airport worker or child care worker.About how much were youRead MoreIntroduction. The Idea Of Fairtrade Emerged In The Late812 Words   |  4 Pagessaleable in both supermarkets and other mainstream actors (Bezencon, 2011, p.61). This essay argues that producers and workers cannot gain notable benefits from Fairtrade. It will begin by looking at the Fairtrade minimum price and wages, then move on to the financial stability guarantee from Fairtrade Foundation and finally with the factors of influencing knowledge application. Fairtrade Minimum Price and Wages Firstly, it can be believed that Fairtrade locked the producers and workers into poverty

Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance - 1736 Words

Endie E. Moss Professor Jolene Mendel LITR 221 Sum 17 Due: 20 Aug 2017 The Dream Called Langston As an artist, or literature, music or visual art, there is power in creating pieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning from the mid 1920’s to the late 1930’s, shed light on the excellence within the African American Community. The heart of the movement, Harlem, New York, encompassed visual art, music, literature and†¦show more content†¦At the time American was amid a transition; the country moving from slaver to racial inequality, to the beginnings of the Great Migration. These historical events are represented metaphorically in the splinters, broken boards and rough floors that Hughes is referencing to. The rhetoric bares resemblance to a southern woman; Hughes was raised by his grandmother for a majority of his life and was likely able to free verse the poem based on actual conversation. As the poem concludes, the mother uses her resilience to further encourage her son. Hughes writes â€Å"[s]o boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the steps ’cause you finds it’s kinder hard. Don’t you fall now— (Hughes). As an African American in the 1920’s, everything within society was designed to create hardship or failure. The encouragement from the mother’s words is a push forward not only for an individual but for the entire African American community. In â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, Hughes embarks his readers on a journey of African American ancestry from Africa to America. A large mass of the ancestry and history of African Americans were depleted because of the slave trade. Hughes writes â€Å"[m]y soul has grown deep like the rivers† (Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers) portrays that despite the damage of the slave trade on families and history, the roots of the African American are indestructible and have the capacity to flourish as nature continues to do. Rivers orShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there wereRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1219 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem renaissance is an artistic revolutionary period that took place between 1917 and 1937. This was after the First World War. Harlem was a district in New York. The Harlem renaissance impacted the social, cultural as well as artistic aspects of the black community. Many black people were encouraged to flee the southern sides where the caste system continued to oppress the black people. At this period, racial inequalities as well as other social injusticesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pages† - Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance took place in Harlem, New York during the 1920’s. The movement was an expression of African American culture across the Midwestern and Northeastern states of America, with Harlem being the heart of it. The Harlem Renaissance also left a lasting impression on black writers from the Caribbean and other African Colonies who immigrated to Paris. There were many artists of many different mediums that left a lasting impact of black culture, and Langston HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1909 Words   |  8 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a social and cultural movement aimed to alter the conventional notion of â€Å"The Negro† and to expound on African American’s adversities through literature, music, and visual arts. After World War I, Harlem, New York became a central location for African Americans for greener pastures and racial equality. Large quantities of black writers, artists, and intellectuals emerged within the urban scene and played a pivotal role of defining the movement in their respective fieldsRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1476 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes, a Voice for the Taciturn Take a time machine back to one of the most culturally-rich times in history, the Modern Age. More specifically, set your destination to northern Manhattan in the early 20s. When you step onto those bustling streets, you’ll find yourself swept up in the Harlem Renaissance. The contemporary writers you are surrounded by are legends such as Langston Hughes and W. E. B. DuBois, and the contemporary musicians you may hear at a local nightclub include some ofRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1703 Words   |  7 Pagesis a quote from a well-known poet by the name of Langston Hughes who served as a prominent figure in African American history and is known for maintaining a significant role in one of the most culturally influential periods for African Americans -The Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance describes a significant era in time where hundreds or artists, writers and musicians living in Harlem came together to form a vibrant, creative community. Hughes along with many other talented and innovative AfricanRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : Langston Hughes1145 Words   |  5 Pagesplace called Harlem and this is where it all started. Harlem became the training ground for blues and jazz and gave birth to a young generation of Negro Artist, who referred to themselves as the New Negro. The New Negro was the base for an epoch called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance allowed for the materialization of the double consciousness of the Negro race as demonstrated by artists such as Langston Hughes. During the peak of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes created poetryRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Harlem Renaissance1151 Words   |  5 Pagesmass movement of people is called the Great Migration. One of the most popular places African Americans moved to was Harlem, New York. This city was a cultural and artistic polestar for people of color. It became known for the start of the African American cultural and artistic revolut ion known as the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†. Out of the Renaissance came poet Langston Hughes. Hughes’ grandparents were abolitionists and worked to instill the same sense of justice into him, which can be seen in his writingsRead MoreAspects Of Langston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance755 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscrimination, the Harlem Renaissance was a time of emergence for African Americans artists. Several writers such as Langston Hughes emerged during this period. African American writers who emerged during the Harlem Renaissance were heroes to lower-class blacks living in Harlem. Langston Hughes was a household name amongst the lower-class during the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes’s poetry was strongly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance because of his love for the black masses. Hughes was determined to

Corporate Governance and Directors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Directors. Answer: Introduction Good corporate governance in Australia prominently supports a board which is independent in nature, specifically with regards the companies which are listed in the ASX. As per the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations 1, more than 50 percent of the members in the board should not be dependent or related in any way. If the board thinks that it would not follow the said recommendation, then it will have to state the reason behind the said decision[1]. The theory which talks behind the said statement is that the directors should not be prejudiced by anybody or such linkages in any manner which would intervene with the implementation of their imaginative and autonomous judgement. As directors of IPO Insurance Limited, both Peter and Jane are legally bound and accountable to the company under the common law, fiduciary duties and statute law. There responsibility comprises of performing the duties in such a manner so as to ensure that there does not exist any conflict of interest, they perform their duties with care and diligence and for a purpose which is best suited for the health of the company and last but not the least, to use the position they hold and data they possess in a proper manner. Although a board can very well have a mix of executive and non-executive directors as there lies no such proof that a board with independent directors will only perform to the best interest of the company[2]. Executive directors are to perform dual functions, one of a senior executive such as CFO and the other of a board member. In the eyes of law, even if they are employees of a company on a full time basis yet they have to comply with the basic duties and responsibilities entrusted on the directors. The same is a common phenomena in companies which are listed in the stock exchange or even those whose scale of operations are large[3]. The role of an executive director and so that of Peter was a confusing one. The board of directors is a committee which is appointed to work in a manner which would be in the best interest of the shareholders. Generally, it is the CEO who is a part of the executive team of the board but there may be times when the CFO is also appointed as one. Further to this, there are certain duties of being a part of the board which are not apt for an executive director to perform, such as a CFO serving on the audit committee. In Australia, an executive director holds a fiduciary duty towards the company. As per Section 181(1) of the Corporations Act 2001, a director is expected to perform his duties in good faith which is best for the health of the company. Thus Peter should perform his duties as an executive director with due care and diligence, honestly and must not mis-utilize the power of his position as a CFO[4]. As per the court case of Vines, the CFO who is also acting as an executive director, is expected to elevate issues for discussion with the board[5]. Last but not the least, it is the duty of a director to ensure that the financial records are maintained adequately and all the transactions are recorded transparently and correctly, else it would lead to contravention of the Corporations Act 2001. As per the Corporations Act 2001, a non-executive director is a person who is not an employee of the company. However, a non-executive director is not similar to an independent director as the latter not even has any relations with the company but for being a director unlike the former. But even then some of the basic duties which govern the executive directors, does govern the non-executive directors as well. The UKs Higgs Review details non-executive directors as custodians of the governance process.[6] The main elements of the role and responsibility of a non-executive director includes development of strategy for the proposals, monitoring of the performance of the management as to how successful it has been in meeting up with the aims and objectives of the corporation and how honest is the financial information being disclosed in the statements. A non-executive director also is generally a part of various other sub-committees such as Jane being a part of the audit committee. Further as per the Listing Rule 12.7, an audit committee further should only comprise of directors who are not executive in nature[7]. Thus Jane is rightly appointed to be a part of the audit committee. As is understood from above, both the executive and non-executive director i.e. Peter and Jane have breached their duty of care to IPO while adopting the 2016 financial report due to which their share prices suffered and so the shareholders also had to face a huge loss. First and foremost, Peter being a CFO of IPO cannot be a part of the audit committee, although his appointment as an executive director is right. Holding of a position which one is not permitted to is in contravention of the Act[8]. Further, Peter being into the operations of the management has an additional duty to ensure that the books of accounts reveals the correct information, but Belinda the assessor who is also related to Peter does not disclose the actual claims which the company has to meet towards the flood loss. Peter also agreed to the same so as to give a rosy picture which would help in the merger with BMP. Thus Peter in this case has breached his duty of care and diligence towards the shareholders of IP O. He has not performed his functions which would best fit the purpose of the company by hiding the main data which would show the true picture of the profitability[9]. Secondly, being a non-executive director, Jane should have at least acted independently and not accept the financial information. Neither has any provisioning been done nor has the claims management been accounted for properly in the financials. Jane although had raised an eyebrow when the financials were presented, yet the same was endorsed by Jane. He ultimately believed Peter without probing into the matter. Thus being a non-executive director, Jane failed to exercise due care and diligence while agreeing to whatever Peter had to present in the financial report. Until and unless proper evidences were checked, Jane should not have accepted the same even if it was agreed upon by other directors. By not qualifying his opinion to the financial report presented by Peter, Jane as a non-executive director breached his duty of care by not acting successfully as a custodian to the governance process[10]. Bibliography Corporations Act (2001) (Cth) Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations, (2nd ed), ASX Corporate Governance Council, Sydney, 2010 Directors - What are my duties as a director? Australian Securities and Investment Commission https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/insolvency/insolvency-for-directors/directors-what-are-my-duties-as-a-director/#3 Flint, Geoffrey, Non-Executive Directors General Law Duty of Care and Delegation of Duty: But do we need a Common Law Duty of Care? (1997) 9Bond Law Review196 https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132context=blr Higgs D, Review of the Role and Effectivenss of Non-Executive Directors, Department of Trade and Industry, London, 2003, p 11. Lester, Tim and Joanna Yoon,Corporate governance and directors' duties in Australia: overview(January 1, 2017) https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-502-9743?transitionType=DefaultcontextData=(sc.Default)firstPage=truebhcp=1 R Baxt,Duties and Responsibilities management of Directors and Officers(20th ed), Australian Institute of Company Directors, Sydney, 2012 Role of non-Executive directors(2016) https://www.companydirectors.com.au/~/media/cd2/resources/director-resources/director-tools/pdf/05446-1-11-mem-director-tools-bc-non-executive-directors_a4_web.ashx General Duties of Directors(January 2013) Australian Institute of Company Directors https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/resources/all-sectors/roles-duties-and-responsibilities/general-duties-of-directors Vines was the CFO and executive director of GIO Group. See(2003) 48 ACSR 291for the judgment and[2007] NSWCA 75for the April 2007 decision in the NSW Court of Appeal.

Black Watch Essay Essay Example

Black Watch Essay Essay A watch is nothing more than a time keeper or a fashion statement, but my watch is something important to me. It was a gift from my dad to keep track of time during the SHSAT. When I took the SHSAT it felt like my dad was with me throughout the test. I had it for almost a year now. I don’t leave my house without it. I remember when I was taking the SHSAT, I was really nervous. There were a lot of students around me and a teacher at the front of the room. There were a lot of questions I got stuck on; it was like my mind suddenly went blank. So I looked at my watch and thought about what my dad would say if he was here. Now I look back and say that I couldn’t pass the test if it wasn’t for the watch. This watch has been a part of my life ever since. My watch is black like a storm night and it has a metal ring around its face. On the shiny black face behind the glass cover there is a hour hand and a minute hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Watch Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Black Watch Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Black Watch Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The hands move slowly like a snail. On the bottom of the face there are two grey circles with digital interface. The middle circle has a digital clock and the other two circles keeps track of the seconds, which ticks constantly. The bumpy band has 11 small holes to assist in locking the watch to your wrist. There are also 4 buttons that looks like square erasers, the light button turns on the light immediately. The blue light of the watch is as beautiful as the color of the ocean.

Biography of Lorenzo de Medici

Biography of Lorenzo de' Medici Lorenzo de’ Medici, (January 1, 1449 – April 8, 1492) was a Florentine politician and one of the most prominent patrons of arts and culture in Italy. During his reign as de facto leader of the Florentine Republic, he held together political alliances while sponsoring artists and encouraging the peak of the Italian Renaissance. Fast Facts: Lorenzo de' Medici Known For: Statesman and de facto leader of Florence whose reign coincided with a boom in the Italian Renaissance, thanks largely to his patronage of arts, culture, and philosophy.Also Known As: Lorenzo the Magnificent Born: January 1, 1449 in Florence, Republic of Florence (modern-day Italy)Died: April 8, 1492 at Villa Medici at Careggi, Republic of FlorenceSpouse: Clarice Orsini (m. 1469)Children: Lucrezia Maria Romola (b. 1470), Piero (b. 1472), Maria Maddalena Romola (b. 1473), Giovanni (b. 1475), Luisa (b. 1477), Contessina Antonia Romola (b. 1478), Giuliano (b. 1479); also adopted nephew Giulio di Giuliano de Medici (b. 1478)Quote:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What I have dreamed in an hour is worth more than what you have done in four.†Ã‚   Medici Heir Lorenzo was a son of the Medici family, who held political power in Florence but also held power by virtue of the Medici Bank, which was the most powerful and respected bank in all of Europe for many years. His grandfather, Cosimo de’ Medici, cemented the family’s role in Florentine politics, while also spending a great deal of his vast fortune on building up the city-state’s public projects and its arts and culture. Lorenzo was one of five children born to Piero di Cosimo de’ Medici and his wife, Lucrezia (nee Tournabuoni). Piero was at the center of Florence’s politics scene and was an art collector, while Lucrezia was a poet in her own right and befriended many philosophers and fellow poets of the era. Because Lorenzo was deemed the most promising of their five children, he was brought up from a young age with the expectation that he would be the next Medici ruler. He was tutored by some of the top thinkers of the day and accomplished some notable achievements- such as winning a jousting tournament- while still a youth. His closest associate was his brother, Giuliano, who was the handsome, charming â€Å"golden boy† to Lorenzo’s plainer, more serious self. The Young Ruler In 1469, when Lorenzo was twenty years old, his father died, leaving Lorenzo to inherit the work of ruling Florence. Technically, the Medici patriarchs did not rule the city-state directly, but instead were statesmen who â€Å"ruled† via threats, financial incentives, and marriage alliances. Lorenzo’s own marriage took place the same year he took over from his father; he married Clarice Orsini, the daughter of a nobleman from another Italian state. The couple went on to have ten children and one adopted son, seven of whom survived to adulthood, including two future popes (Giovanni, the future Leo X, and Giulio, who became Clement VII). From the very beginning, Lorenzo de’ Medici was a major patron of the arts, even more so than others in the Medici dynasty, which always place a high value on the arts. Although Lorenzo himself rarely commissioned work, he often connected artists with other patrons and helped them get commissions. Lorenzo himself was also a poet. Some of his poetry- often concerned with the human condition as a combination of the bright and lovely alongside the melancholy and temporary- survives to this day. Artists who enjoyed Lorenzo’s patronage included some of the most influential names of the Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti. In fact, Lorenzo and his family even opened their home to Michelangelo for three years while he lived and worked in Florence. Lorenzo also encouraged the development of humanism through the philosophers and scholars in his inner circle, who worked to reconcile the thought of Plato with Christian thought. The Pazzi Conspiracy Because of the Medici monopoly over Florentine life, other powerful families vacillated between alliance and enmity with the Medici. On April 26, 1478, one of those families came close to toppling the Medici reign. The Pazzi conspiracy involved other families, such as the Salviati clan, and was backed by Pope Sixtus IV in an attempt to overthrow the Medici. On that day, Lorenzo was attacked, along with his brother and co-ruler Giuliano, in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. Lorenzo was wounded but escaped with minor wounds, in part thanks to the assistance and defense of his friend, the poet Poliziano. Giuliano, however, was not as lucky: he suffered a violent death by stabbing. The response to the attack was swift and harsh, both on the part of the Medici and Florentines themselves. The conspirators were executed, and members of their families were also severely punished. Giuliano left behind an illegitimate son, Giulio, who was adopted and raised by Lorenzo and Clarice. Since the conspirators acted with the blessing of the pope, he attempted to seize Medici assets and excommunicated all of Florence. When that failed to bring Lorenzo around, he tried allying with Naples and launched an invasion. Lorenzo and the citizens of Florence defended their city, but the war took its toll, as some of Florence’s allies failed to come to their aid. Eventually, Lorenzo personally traveled to Naples to forge a diplomatic solution. He also commissioned some of Florence’s best artists to travel to the Vatican and paint new murals in the Sistine Chapel, as a gesture of reconciliation with the pope. Later Rule and Legacy Although his support for culture would ensure his legacy was a positive one, Lorenzo de’ Medici made some unpopular political decisions too. When alum, a hard-to-find but important compound for making glass, textiles, and leather, was discovered in nearby Volterra, the citizens of that city asked Florence for help mining it. However, a dispute soon arose when the citizens of Volterra realized the real value of the resource and wanted it for their own city, rather than the Florentine bankers assisting them. A violent insurrection resulted, and the mercenaries Lorenzo sent to end it sacked the city, permanently marring Lorenzo’s reputation. For the most part, though, Lorenzo attempted to rule peacefully; the cornerstone of his policy was to maintain a balance of power among the Italian city-states and to keep outside European powers out of the peninsula. He even maintained good trading ties with the Ottoman Empire. Despite his efforts, the Medici coffers were drained by their spending and by bad loans their bank supported, so Lorenzo began trying to fill the gaps through misappropriations. He also brought the charismatic friar Savonarola to Florence, who preached about the destructive nature of secular art and philosophy, among other things. The sensationalist friar would, in a few years’ time, help salvage Florence from French invasion, but would also lead to the end of Medici rule. Lorenzo de’ Medici died at the Villa Medici at Careggi, on April 8, 1492, reportedly dying peacefully after hearing the day’s Scripture readings. He was buried in the Church of San Lorenzo, alongside his brother Giuliano. Lorenzo left behind a Florence that would soon overthrow Medici rule- although his son and his nephew would eventually return the Medici to power- but he also left behind a rich and vast legacy of culture that came to define Florence’s place in history. Sources Kent, F.W. Lorenzo de’ Medici and the Art of Magnificence. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2004.â€Å"Lorenzo de’ Medici: Italian Statesman.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lorenzo-de-Medici.Parks, Tim. Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2008.Unger, Miles J. Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Violent Times of Lorenzo de’ Medici. Simon Schuster, 2009.

Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Term Paper Example This paper examines these challenges and how they have impacted on the organization. One of the most challenging facets of organizations today is the need to remain responsible and ethical in their business activities. The past few years have seen many multinationals, big companies, and global association grapple with the issues of unethical behavior. Unethical behavior refers to activities that deviate from the accepted norms, laws, and standards that guide business processes (Blowfield, and Murray, 2014). Essentially, businesses are expected to behave responsibly by acting in a manner that promotes the interests of various stakeholders such as employees, owners, government, and the wider society. However, some organizations find it hard to remain ethical and responsible due to the inability to manage all their huge resources in an efficient way (Crane & Matten, 2010). As such, an irresponsible business on the other hands is one that is involved in dishonest business practices, for instance through concealing or deliberately ignoring issues to do with the environme nt, employees, customers, and the wider society (Blowfield, and Murray, 2014). The most common form of unethical problem that most big companies and associations face is corruption. The International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) provides a good example of a large organization that has had a rough time dealing with the unethical problem of corruption. FIFA is the body charged with managing football or soccer globally, which is the most popular sport in the world (Skinner & Edwards, 2006). The organization is an amalgamation of various football associations and confederations representing different countries. As such, it is one of the biggest organizations in the world today. FIFA has vast amounts of resources, hence generating a lot of global interest from different parties

Studying a Professional Organizational Coursework

Studying a Professional Organizational - Coursework Example of nearly 10,000 surgical nurses that are interest in developing professionally and personally, linking up with other individuals and organizations in the health sector that share a common vision, fighting for the recognition of the surgical nursing field (Roberts, 2008). The aims and objectives of the Academy of Medical Surgical Nurses focus on research development, evidence based practice, advocacy in the workplace, organizational health and the impact of national leadership on health matters. The organization’s mission is to facilitate excellence in the field of surgical nursing. The organization also focuses towards using its strategic position to improve health care for the patients (Roberts, 2008). The organization provides a system through which surgical nurses can express their feelings and opinions about health care policies. The organization also promoted personal and professional goals for surgical nurses. The entity has come up with a system that promotes awareness to the members of society on issues that relate to the practice (Mason and Nursing, a. t., 2011). Above all, the organizations aims at improving the general health care for all patients in the society. Finally, the entity maintains effective communication to governmental organizations, professional groups and acts as resources to the public. The organization achieves the above-mentioned functions by meeting the ideas in professional nursing. This is through the promotion of health care to individuals by promoting the art and science of nursing care. The organization facilitates implementation of the policies for practice of surgical nursing. The Academy of Medical Surgical Nursing establishes a framework in which nurses in the field to communicate their health care policies (Mason and Nursing, a. t., 2011). AMSN works towards impacting on policies in health care based on evidence based on various issues. The entity facilitates advancement of research and development in the field and this

Carbon Nanofoam Structure and Functions

Carbon Nanofoam Structure and Functions Abstract Carbon nanofoam is the fifth allotrope of Carbon after graphite, diamond, fullerene (e.g., C-60 molecules), and Carbon nanotubes. It was discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and his team at the Australian National University in Canberra, in collaboration with Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St Petersburg. The molecular structure of Carbon nanofoam consists of Carbon tendrils bonded together in a low-density, mist like arrangement. This paper talks about the physical structure, chemical properties, preparation methods and applications of Carbon nanofoam. The most unusual property of Carbon nanofoam is its ferromagnetism; it gets attracted to magnets, like iron. At a temperature as low as -183 ÃÅ'Ã…  C, Carbon nanofoam behaves like a magnet. Also, the foam is a semiconductor, making it attractive for device applications. The reason for the foams magnetic property has been explained in the paper. Carbon nanofoam is hence the first pure-Carbon magnet and also one of the lightest known solid substances (with a density of ~2 mg/cm3), when used along with aerogel. The Carbon nanofoam is believed to remove magnetic prejudice among the known elements, the idea than an element should be stereotyped as either magnetic or nonmagnetic. 1. INTRODUCTION Carbon nanofoam was discovered by  1Andrei V. Rode  and co-workers, in collaboration with Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St Petersburg at the  Australian National University  in  Canberra in the year 1997. It is the fifth allotrope of Carbon after graphite, diamond, fullerene and Carbon nanotubes. The molecular structure of Carbon nanofoam consists of Carbon tendrils, bonded together to form a cluster- like assembly of low density in a loose three- dimensional web pattern. The width of each cluster is about 6 nanometers, consisting of about 4000 Carbon atoms. These Carbon atoms are linked in the form of graphite- like sheets but consist of heptagonal structures included among the hexagonal patterns, giving it a negative curvature, (Figure 1(a)) unlike the Buckminster fullerenes [1] in which the inclusion of pentagonal structures gives the Carbon sheet a positive curvature. The density of Carbon nanofoam is approximately 2 mg/cm3, which makes it one of the lightest known solid substances, the other being aerogels whose density is about 100 times more than that of Carbon nanofoam [1]. According to Rode and his colleagues [1], nanofoam contains a number of unpaired electrons due to the Carbon atoms with only three bonds, found at topological and bonding defects. This gives rise to the most unusual feature of Carbon nanofoam, which is that it is attracted to magnets. Moreover, below ˆ’183 °C Carbon nanofoam acts as a magnet itself. Another property of Carbon nanofoam is that unlike aerogels, Carbon nanofoam is a poor conductor of electricity. The clause for the magnetic property of Carbon nanofoam is that only freshly produced Carbon nanofoam is ferromagnetic; Carbon nanofoam is strongly attracted to a permanent magnet at room temperature, initially. This room temperature ferro- magnetic behavior disappears after a few hours of preparation of the Carbon nanofoam, when the temperature eventually fluctuates to go above the room temperature. However, the ferro-magnetic property persists at lower temperatures. Depending on the pressure of the ambient Argon gas inside the chamber where high- pulse, high- energy laser ablation [3] [4] [5] and deposition of Carbon vapors is performed, different Carbonaceous structures are formed. At a pressure of 0.1 Torr*, diamond- like Carbon films are formed. As the pressure is increased to greater than 0.1 Torr, diamond like Carbon- nanofoam is produced. The density of the Carbon nanofoam depends on the density and the polymerization chemistry used during the sol-gel process [3] [4]. The particle diameter of low-density foams is the largest, which is up to 100 nanometers, with a pore size of at least 500 nanometers. The high- density Carbon foams have pores of size less than 1000-Angstrom Units and the particles are ultra-fine, the density being approximately 0.8 grams/cubic centimeter. Electrically conductive Carbon nanofoams are also under production, which has many properties of the traditional aerogel material. Prepared by sol- gel methods, these mate rials are available in the form of monoliths, granules, powders and papers. The foams prepared by these methods are typically of low density, continuous porosity and high capacitance. The most intriguing property of Carbon nanofoam is its Ferro magnetism (Figure 1(b)). The reason for the existence of this unusual property attributed to an allotrope of Carbon, which is conventionally believed to be a non- magnetic element, is due to the complex microstructure of the nanofoam. Few researchers claimed that the ferromagnetism is due to the presence of traces of iron and nickel impurities in their foam. Later they calculated that the small amounts of these magnetic materials could only account for 20% of the strength of the ferromagnetic fields in the foam and concluded that the ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property of this allotrope of Carbon. The unpaired electron that does not form a chemical bond in the 7- corner, 7- edged polygons present in the structure of Carbon nanofoam has a magnetic moment, which is suspected to be the reason of its magnetism. *1 Torr is approximately equal to 1 mmHg; 1 Torr = 133.322368 Pascal Due to the magnetic properties of Carbon nanofoam, it can be used in a number of applications namely, medicine, optics, fuel cells and other electronic devices. They are also being used as lightweight, high temperature insulation materials, absorbents and coating agents and as electrodes for water deionization cells. In biomedicine, Carbon nanofoams are used as tiny ferromagnetic clusters, which could be injected in blood vessels, in order to increase the quality of magnetic resonance imaging. Another application of Carbon nanofoams is in spintronic devices, whose operations are based on the materials magnetic properties. The researchers also have preliminary indications that the novel magnetic behavior also occurs in another nano-compound made of boron and nitrogen, two other elements that are ordinarily non-magnetic. The following parts of this paper discuss in detail, the Molecular Structure Synthesis methods Properties, and Applications of Carbon nanofoam. 2. STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOFOAM Carbon nanofoam consists of Carbon atoms bonded by both sp2 and sp3 hybridizations, unlike the other allotropes of Carbon such as graphite and diamond which have only sp3 hybridization and C60 and Carbon nanotubes that have only sp2 hybridization [7]. Around 4000 such Carbon atoms are bonded together in the form of a cluster-like assembly of low density. In other words, these Carbon atoms are bonded in the form of graphite-like sheets but consist of heptagonal structures included among the hexagonal patterns, giving it (Carbon nanofoam) a hyperbolic pattern, as proposed for schwarzite[6] The percentage distribution of the sp2 and sp3 hybridizations can be controlled by during the synthesis of the nanofoam. High pulse-rate Laser Ablation method for the synthesis of Carbon nanofoam by A. V. Rode et al [1] demonstrates that there are two types of particles in the foam and that here is a small amount of particles with a high sp2 fraction (~0.9) of graphite-like bonds, due to crystalline graphite used in the experiment. Particles with a fraction, generally lower than 0.8 sp2 are inferred to consist of amorphous Carbon with a mixture of sp2 and sp3 bonding. Particles with lower sp2 content and a higher Plasmon energy are more diamond-like, as they have higher density and a higher fraction of sp3 bonds. Upon measurement, it has been observed that these is a high sp3 content at the edges of the foam and at the edges of the cluster, which is a clear indication that the sp3 bonding atoms are located at the surface of the clusters and that the connections between the clusters a re due to the sp3 bonding. 3. SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOFOAM The synthesis of Carbon nanofoam is done on a laboratory scale and is not produced industrially, in bulk. Two methods are adapted for the preparation of Carbon nanofoams, depending on different types of requirements such as particle size, density, resistivity, etc. The two methods are listed and explained below. 3.1. Laser Ablation Laser ablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by exposing it to radiation with a laser beam. Depending on the flux density of the laser, the effect of laser ablation varies. For a more clear description; at low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates. At high laser flux, the material is typically converted to plasma. Usually, laser ablation refers to removing material with a pulsed laser, but it is possible to ablate material with a continuous wave laser beam if the laser intensity is high enough. High-repetition-rate laser ablation and deposition of Carbon vapors results in the formation of quite different Carbonaceous structures depending on the pressure of the ambient Ar gas in the chamber. Diamond-like Carbon films form at a pressure below 0.1 Torr whereas a diamond-like Carbon nano-foam is created above 0.1Torr. The creation of particular molecular structures involves atom-to-atom attachment in appropriate physical conditions at an appropriate rate. 3.1.1. Experimental Setup The experimental setup of the experiment conducted by E.G. Gamaly and piers is as follows: a 42-W, 120-ns pulse-width Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (ÃŽÂ » = 1.064 mm) with variable repetition rate of 2-25 kHz was used. Laser of intensity approximately 109 Watts/cm2, averaged over the pulse duration was created on the glossy Carbon target, keeping the repetition rate fixed at 10 kHz and focal spot scanned over a 2X2 cm area of the target surface. 3.1.2. Formation of Carbon Nanofoam in Ar ambient temperature The diamond-like Carbon (DLC) films is deposited in vacuum of approximately 106 Torr. Transformation to a different form of Carbon material occurs in an Ar-filled chamber at a pressure around 0:1Torr. At this pressure, the mean free path for collisions of the evaporated Carbon atoms is in the order of 1 cm. Thus, Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-argon collisions in the chamber start to play a dominant role in the formation of Carbonaceous structures in Ar-filled chamber. The high-repetition-rate laser evaporation of a Carbon target in a 1-100 Torr Ar atmosphere produces a higher evaporation rate of Carbon atoms and ions than conventional laser ablation techniques. The resulting increased average temperature and density of the C-Ar mixture in the experimental chamber increases the probability of the formation of higher energy Carbon-Carbon bonds. The resulting increased collision frequency from the above deposition conditions encourages diffusion-limited aggregation of Carbon atoms into fractal structures, and the formation of low density Carbon foam. Figures 3.1.2. (a) and 3.1.2. (b) show the scanning and transmission electron microscope images respectively, showing the free-standing Carbon foam. These images are scaled to 1 mm and 100 nm respectively. The analysis of these images reveal that the foam represents a fractal-like structure which consists of Carbon clusters with the average diameter of 6 nm randomly interconnected into web-like foam. The foam looks like a capricious mixture of strings of pearls. [3] Initially, the flow of atomic Carbons is created by the laser ablation near the target surface. After the chamber is filled with an inert ambient gas, it results in the collision of Carbon atoms with the ambient gas atoms, as the Carbon plume expands. Hence, the Carbon atoms collide, diffuse through the gas, exchanging their energy, and finally cool down to the average Carbon-gas temperature. 3.2. Sol Gel Process The sol-gel process, also known as chemical solution deposition, is a wet-chemical technique widely used in the fields of materials science and ceramic engineering. Such methods are used primarily for the fabrication of materials (typically a metal oxide) starting from a chemical solution (or sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides and metal chlorides, which undergo various forms of hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions. Carbon nanofoam is also prepared from the pyrolysis of organic precursors, such as organic aerogels produced through sol-gel processes (such as resorcinol formaldehyde sol-gels) (Figure 3.2.). The sol-gel solution is cast into the desired shape and after the formation of a highly cross-linked gel the solvent is removed from the pores of the gel. The remaining rigid monolithic shape consists of covalently bonded, nanometer-sized particles that are arranged in a 3-dimensional network. Precursor RF gels can be applied to a fine Carbon felt which is Carbonized to form Carbon nanofoam electrodes [9]. The Carbon nanofoam thus prepared usually has low density and very high specific surface areas (up to ˆÂ ¼1200m2 g-1), and they can be produced in different forms, such as monoliths, fine particles or films. The final shape and properties depend strongly on the sample history, as is the case with all amorphous Carbons. 4. PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOFOAM Many of the properties of Carbon nanofoams match with those of the traditional aerogel materials. Carbon nanofoams are available in the form of monoliths, granules, powders and papers. They are electrically conductive, synthetic and lightweight foams in which the solid matrix and pore spaces have nanometer-scale dimensions. Prepared by sol-gel methods, nanofoams typically have low density, continuous porosity, high surface area, and fine cell/pore sizes. The foams are also electrically conductive and have a high capacitance. Standard densities of Carbon nanofoams range from 0.25 to 1.00 g/cm3. Carbon nanofoams precursors can be infiltrated into a Carbon fiber mat that, when Carbonized, will result in paper-like electrode material 0.007 to 0.050 inches thick. Morphology examination by scanning electron microscope shows an open cell structure and continuous porosity. The particle size and pore spacing is a function of density and the polymerization chemistry used during the sol-gel process. Low density Carbon nanofoams (~0.25 g/cm3) have the largest cell/pore size with particle diameters of up to 100 nm and pores at least 500 nm. High density Carbon foams (abt. 0.8 g/cm3) have ultra-fine particles and pores of less than 1000Ã…. The nanofoam contains numerous unpaired electrons, which Rode and colleagues propose is due to Carbon atoms with only three bonds that are found at topological and bonding defects. This gives rise to what is perhaps Carbon nanofoams most unusual feature: it is attracted to magnets, and below ˆ’183  °C can itself be made magnetic. 4.1. Ferro magnetism of Carbon nanofoam It is a well-known fact that Carbon and its allotropes are among those materials which do not get attracted to magnets. Although, it has been discovered that Carbon nanofoam is attracted to magnets, and below ˆ’183  °C can itself be made magnetic. This behavior of Carbon nanofoam is unusual as against the magnetic property generally attributed to Carbon. However, at room temperature, the nanofoams magnetization disappears a few hours after the material is produced. The reason for the magnetic behavior of Carbon nanofoam is discovered to be its molecular structure; it consists of a number of unpaired electrons due to the Carbon atoms with only three bonds that are found at topological and bonding defects. The unpaired electrons contribute towards the existence of magnetic moment in the nanofoam, which is believed to be the reason for its ferro magnetic character. Detailed explanation Speaking in terms of magnetic susceptibility, in general, all known Carbon allotropes exhibit diamagnetic susceptibility in the range of à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ =ˆ’(10ˆ’5-10ˆ’7) emu/g Oe with the exception of: Polymerized C60 prepared in a two-dimensional rhombohedral phase of à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡= +(0.25ˆ’1.3)*10ˆ’3 emu/g Oe (depending on the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the polymerized planes) which shows ferromagnetism The disordered glass-like magnetism observed in activated Carbon fibers due to nonbonding à Ã¢â€š ¬-electrons located at edge states, and The unusual magnetic behavior observed in single wall Carbon nanohorns ascribed to the Van Vleck paramagnetic contribution. Although ferromagnetism in polymerized C60 is noteworthy, the exceptionally large magnetic signal in Carbon nanostructures such as Carbon nanofoam remains a case of special interest. In order to study the ferro magnetism of Carbon nanofoam, an experiment was conducted by Rode and his colleagues. They prepared Carbon nanofoam by high-pulse-rate laser ablation of an ultrapure glassy carbon target in a vacuum chamber made of stainless steel, filled with high-purity (99.995%) Argon gas, inside a 2 inch cylinder made of fused silica (SiO2). This setup results in the formation of carbon nanofoam, with a combination of sp2 and sp3 hybridization. The reason for the magnetic character of Carbon nanofoam was then discovered to be the ferromagnetic interaction of the spins of the unpaired electrons, separated by sp3 centers. [6] A possible mechanism for magnetic moment generation would be a simple indirect exchange interaction through conduction electrons located on the hexagons. Low temperature magnetization curves indicate a saturation magnetization of approximately 0.35emu/g at 2 K. [10] 5. APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOFOAM Carbon nanofoam is one of the lightest known solid substances till date. Hence, it finds its application in a number of fields. Although there are no immediate applications of Carbon nanofoams, a few of the possible areas where there can be applied are as follows: They could be used in spintronic devices, which are based on a materials magnetic properties. In biomedicine: the Nano metric scale ferromagnetic clusters could be injected into blood vessels to enhance magnetic resonance imaging. It could also be implanted in tumors, where it could turn radio waves into a source of heat that would destroy the tumor but leave surrounding tissue unharmed. Carbon nanofoam can replace the nanofoams of other metals because of its low density, high conductivity, light weight and also its ferro magnetic property. As coatings or absorbents in specialty optics As flexible electrodes for deionization and fuel cells Carbon nanofoam paper Making of High-Sensitivity Ultrasonic Transducer in Air High-performance metal-air batteries Spintronics, meaning spin transport electronics is also known as magnetoelectronics. It is an emerging technology which, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, exploits both the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in solid-state devices. Spintronic devices find their application in perhaps the most important computer subsystems: random access memories and high density non-volatile storage media. Hence in order to develop large memories on a small chip, making the chip as light weighted as possible is also very important. This is where the use of carbon nanofoam gives the desired result. Carbon nanofoam paper is another interesting application of carbon nanofoams. Due to its composition, carbon nanofoam paper has proven very difficult to cut using traditional methods such as metal blades. It was found that using 100 W of power at a speed of 250 inches per minute (IPM) the 0.0075-inch thick carbon nanofoam paper was cleanly cut. [11] For a high-sensitivity ultrasonic transducer in air, nanofoam can be considered to be applied to its acoustic matching layer. Since nanofoam has extremely low acoustic impedance, it is effective for the acoustic matching layer of an ultrasonic transducer in air. The sensitivity of the developed ultrasonic transducer can be made up to about twenty times higher than that of a conventional ultrasonic transducer in air. [12] The desirable structural characteristics of carbon nanofoams can be exploited to design and produce electrocatalytic structures for O2 reduction that will enable high-performance metal-air batteries. While the native carbon nanofoam structure exhibits modest activity for O2 reduction, further functionalization of the nanofoam is necessary to achieve technologically relevant performance. [13] 6. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this term paper throws light on a recently discovered allotrope of carbon called as Carbon Nanofoam, whose molecular structure and properties are different from the other allotropes of carbon such as graphite, diamond, C60, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes and fullerene. Carbon nanofoam is found to be one among the lightest known solid substances, which gives it an advantage over other substances in a number of varied applications. The most intriguing feature of carbon nanofoam is its magnetic property. This novel magnetic behavior found in carbon nanofoam has made many renowned scientists and researchers rethink about what makes a material magnetic, since ferro-magnetism is not one of the attributed properties of carbon in any of its forms. Furthermore, this ferro-magnetic characteristic of carbon nanofoam, along with its other characteristics such as extremely low acoustic impedance, low density, continuous porosity, high surface area, fine cell/pore sizes, electrical conductivity and high capacitance is believed to have wide applications in the developing current technology whose motto is The smaller the better!

foolear Importance of the Fool in Shakespeares King Lear Essay

Importance of the Fool in King Lear    William Shakespeare's genius came from how closely he intertwined the two seemingly mutually exclusive realms to appeal to all socio-economic groups in his audience. The character of the Fool provides the closest intercourse of the two realms between King Lear's royalty and Poor Tom's poverty, while still maintaining their separation. The Fool's role in King Lear was to counteract the King's follies in order to bring him to his senses. With his honesty, wit, and clever wordplay that interweave foreshadowing and practical advice, the Fool entertains not only the King, but the audience as well, and brings some light and humour into this tragedy. All the characters in King Lear, apart from the Fool, are interconnected and of great importance to the story of King Lear and his daughters and the story of Edmund, Edgar and Gloucester. The character of the Fool did not have influence over Lear's decision to divide the kingdom, nor did the Fool have any connection with the subplot. Perhaps, for this reason many directors argue over the importance of his character. One should be able to realize that the presence of the Fool did not influence the overall impact of the play and that the two major plots would have occurred with him or without him. The character of the Fool should not be excluded from the play as this would damage the balance of tragedy versus comedy that was deliberately set up by Shakespeare, which would result in a loss of audience. There is a saying that goes, "Only fools and children tell the truth". Shakespeare does a great job of illustrating this saying through the Fool's character. The Fool is being loyal and honest to his master Lear no matter how painful the truth may... ...y reveals much of that friendly connection that the audience is asking for. Therefore, for all these reasons, I believe that the character of the Fool should not be taken out of the play even though it doesn't have a role in the two major plots of the play. Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. "King Lear." 20Lh Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, C.L. "The Fool in King Lear." 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1997. Hunter, Robert G. Shakespeare and the Mystery of God's Judgments. University of Georgia Press, 1996. Knights, L.C. "On the Fool". 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Snyder, Susan. "King Lear and the Prodigal Son." Shakespeare Quarterly. Autumn 1966. pps. 361-369.

Michele A. Paludi’s “Sexual Harassment in College” Essay

True or false? Many people believe that sexual harassment only involves physical assault. False! I don’t know where Dr. Paludi got this red herring of a definition from so that she could attack it, but sexual harassment had always meant quid pro quo, grades for sex, or, in the workplace, sexual favors to get the job or a raise. In either case, force was rarely needed. Regie T. has looked up both Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Education Act of 1972, and even without input from the ongoing debate, I can see that according to federal law, sexual harassment is wide open to interpretation. College policies? Same unhelpful and confusing statements. Staring at students, complimenting them, calling them â€Å"dear†, ‘uncomfortable’ witticism, having a lesson on the unclothed female figure–all these ‘harassing’ behaviors have been used to fire professors. Even fully consensual love affairs weren’t safe, once some third party found out, got offended, and found time to complain. I believe people do have a clear understanding of what constitutes sexual harassment all right. True or false? Frequently individuals are told that sexual harassment is a rare occurence or that the campus has never filed for it against an individual. True. I inquired at Valley College’s VP for Student Services and its response was that in the past five years, only two students had filed sexual harassment complaints against anybody, the last being in 2001. In my public speaking class at that institution last spring, I witnessed an incident where the instructor told a pregnant student to ‘waddle down’ to the front. The student said it wasn’t funny, broke down in tears, and the instructor apologized. Previously, this student also cried when a guy called her fat. At the end of the term, I overheard her say, after not getting an ‘A’ in the class, that she might complain to the dean. I’m sure that had she had been included in one of those surveys on verbal abuse, she would’ve reported to having been sexually harassed. True or false? There is a common myth that there is a â€Å"typical† harasser who can be identified by his blatant and obvious mistreatment of many women. Maybe before; now it’s False. One of Paludi’s sources which I’ve read, Billie Dziech and Linda Weiner’s standard harassment text, has been  brainwashing women for almost 20 years. It warns against The Lecherous Professor who could be of any imaginable type, from a stylish â€Å"public harasser,† a conservative â€Å"private harasser,† a nice â€Å"Counselor-Helper,† or even a smart â€Å"Intellectual Seducer.† As more women are exposed to this book, we can’t really blame them when they start suspecting everyone except the garden variety pathological and abnormally-behaving instructor. As UCLA Professor, cultural critic, and all-woman Cristina Nehring put it: â€Å"[G]ive a group of indifferently successful individuals of either sex a glass through which to view themselves as very important victims, limited in their success not by the modesty of their own talents but by the ubiquitous insidiousness of the â€Å"system,† and chances are good they will learn to use it. Mix in the resentment of a relationship gone awry, or a relationship desired but never obtained, and you begin to understand the source of a good number of sexual-harassment charges. Add to this a potent financial bait (women have reaped considerable rewards through harassment suits in which the burden of disproof was on the defendant and institutional sympathy entirely with the accuser), and the attraction of such charges becomes still clearer.† True or false? Women may not label their experiences as sexual harassment even though the experiences meet the legal definition of this form of victimization. False. Today, there is such a thing as too much awareness. Again, Nehring answered this best: â€Å"In our enlightened contemporary university, men walk on eggshells and women run from shadows. Every gesture is suspect: if a colleague compliments you on your dress, it smacks of sexism; if a professor is friendly, he is readying you for future sexual abuse. There is no kindness so innocent that women educated in the â€Å"patterns† of harassment cannot recognize it as an instance of the newly identified activity experts refer to as â€Å"grooming† the victim for the kill. Academic encouragement, easy jesting, an affectionate epithet–all of what used to be the currency of good fellowship as well as teaching–have become cause for vigilance, fodder for complaint, the stuff of suits.† If there was ever a woman’s issue that deserves a backlash, it is sexual harassment; unfortunately the backlash has appeared in other battlegrounds where there are real women victims, such as rape, incest and child molestation, but not this one. Feminists have already won–the occasional true harasser is easily identified and thrown out of office, But in making all college female students out to be weak and resourceless victims, and all male faculty as closet villains, the regular classrooms are now fearfully and boringly intolerable for everyone; they should be now left alone. Sexual harassment remains a major problem in high school and in the workplace, but I just don’t see it being one in college anymore. Work Cited Nehring, Cristina. â€Å"The Higher Yearning.† Harper’s Magazine 303.1816 (2001): 64-72.

The Impact Of Malnutrition On Guatemala And Its Effects On...

The Impact of Malnutrition in Guatemala Most children in Guatemala at the age of five begin to suffer from malnourishment while in other countries such as the U.S. children suffer from obesity. In Guatemala, half of all the children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnourishment. It is the largest economy in Central America and also the most populous country in the region. Even so, many members of Guatemala remain minimally active in the economy and live in poverty (Guatemala s government 1). Guatemala is rich in agricultural yet they don t feed their own people. According to the World Food Programme in 2009 Guatemala ranked 133 out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index of 2012 (1). The HDI is a system used to rank countries on their overall achievements economically and socially. Guatemala faces a food insecurity crisis due to droughts. The global economic crisis has reduced exports, foreign investments, tourism revenues and access to credit thereby increasing the government s budget deficit and unemployment. The rise in the price of agricultural inputs has reduced the availability of subsidized fertilizers (1). Farmers are affected but not as much as families. Due to the crisis families are restricted to the access of food. In comparison to the United States families are less likely to face these crisis because they receive help from Welfare, Medicaid and Medicare. Feed the Future reports that Guatemala has tremendous agricultural production, leadingShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Nutrition And Supportive Environment1526 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific, within 1000 days of period between conception to 2nd Birthday of child(1), the global movement of The First Thousand Days has started in 2010 in Washington DC. 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